Is Xanax a Controlled Substance?

Yes, Xanax or alprazolam is a controlled substance, and you can become addicted to it if taken incorrectly. This includes many other benzodiazepines (also known as benzos) such as Klonopin and lorazepam. Still, there may be some additional information you need to know if you’re taking this drug.

What Is Xanax?

Xanax is a prescription drug sometimes recommended by mental health professionals for anxiety and panic disorders. [1] Because of Xanax’s classification as a controlled substance, some doctors may use caution when prescribing Xanax.

Doctors may start you on a low dose and only increase the dose if necessary for effective treatment. If you are prescribed Xanax, be sure to take it exactly as prescribed and read all drug inserts and pamphlets to learn about the potential for adverse reactions and effects.

What Is Drug Scheduling?

Drug scheduling is a way for the government to oversee the manufacturing, prescribing, and sale of prescription drugs. The Drug Enforcement Administration, or DEA, classifies narcotics into five different categories called “schedules”. They schedule drugs for various reasons, including law enforcement, establishing pharmaceutical manufacturing regulations, and regulating how and when doctors prescribe certain medications.[2]

The DEA has established five different schedules. The lower the number, the more regulations are put on the substance. More regulations may mean it’s less likely to be prescribed, and you may face harsher penalties if you use this prescription medication without authorization from a medical doctor.

Xanax Classification: What Schedule Drug Is Xanax?

Now that you know that Xanax is a controlled substance, you might want to know more about its classification. Xanax is a Schedule IV drug, which means that it’s less likely to be abused than other drugs, such as fentanyl or methamphetamine.[3] According to the DEA, a Schedule IV controlled substance still carries a risk of dependency and a potential for physical dependence and abuse. [4]

Risks and Side Effects of Xanax

The primary risks of taking Xanax are drug abuse and overdose. Though the risk is considered low according to the drug schedule, the consequences can be life-threatening. This is why Xanax and other benzodiazepines like Ativan are usually only prescribed for short-term use.[5]

The longer you use Xanax and the higher the dose you take, the greater the risks are. It may be advisable to take the lowest dose possible for symptom relief. While it peaks after 1-2 hours, half of the Xanax stays in your system for approximately 11 hours, so it’s essential to know the risks and how long you may experience the side effects.

What Are the Risks of Taking Xanax?

Other risks of Xanax include:[6]

• Dangerous drug interactions, especially with opioids
• Slowed breathing or death when mixed with alcohol
• Severe injury from falls or accidents
• Severe withdrawal symptoms

Never stop taking Xanax without consulting your doctor first. The risk of withdrawal is high and can come with serious consequences, including death.

What Are the Side Effects of Xanax?

The most common side effects of Xanax are drowsiness or light-headedness. There are many other potential side effects, and some are serious.

Possible side effects of Xanax include: [7]

• Seizures
• Racing thoughts
• Hallucinations
• Risky behaviors
• Shallow breathing
• Seeing double
• Jaundice
• Slurred speech
• Trouble concentrating
• Weight gain or loss
• Insomnia
• Worsening depression
• Upset stomach
• Loss of balance
• Fatigue
• sleepiness

If you experience any of these side effects, tell your doctor or other healthcare professional immediately. You can also report any side effects to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

What Are the Signs of Xanax Addiction and Withdrawal?

If you or a loved one has been prescribed Xanax, you may want to be aware of the signs of addiction and how to detox from Xanax safely if physical dependence is a concern.

What Are the Signs of Xanax Addiction?

Despite its classification as a Schedule IV controlled substance, the risk of addiction to Xanax is higher than some of the other lower-potency benzodiazepines. [8] It’s important to monitor yourself or your loved one for any signs of addiction.

Possible signs of Xanax addiction include: [9]

• Slurred speech
• Blurry vision
• Loss of coordination or balance
• Trouble stopping the medication or lowering the dose
• Acquiring Xanax without a prescription
• Lying to doctors to have them increase the dosage
• Getting “high” on Xanax and then driving or otherwise endangering oneself or others
• Spending a lot of money to acquire Xanax, legally or otherwise

What Are the Signs of Xanax Withdrawal?

If someone is addicted to Xanax, solving the problem isn’t as simple as just stopping the medication. You must taper the dose under the supervision or guidance of a doctor or other healthcare professional. Withdrawal from Xanax can cause serious, sometimes life-threatening symptoms.

Symptoms of Xanax withdrawal may include: [10]

• Anxiety or panic attacks
• Depression
• Dissociation
• Delirium
• Increased heart rate
• Tremors
• Insomnia
• Excessive sweating
• Muscle spasms
• Seizures

If you’re having any of these symptoms while withdrawing from Xanax, call 911 or go to the nearest emergency room.

Should I Take Xanax?

Xanax can be a useful drug for some people, but if you have a family history of substance abuse, including alcohol addiction, it may not be advisable. In this case, you can ask your doctor about alternatives that may be more suitable. Don’t change your medication routine without consulting your primary care physician.